1、河南理工大学毕业设计(论文)说明书-1-中英文对照翻译原文：TRANSFORMERTransformerscomeinmanysizes/Somepowertransformersareasbigasahouse/Electronictransformers/ontheotherhand/canbeassmallasacubeofsugar/Alltransformershaveatleastonecoil/Mosthavetwoalthoughtheymayhavemanymore/Theusualpurposeoftransformersistochangethelevelofvoltag
2、e/Butsometimestheyareusedtoisolatealoadfromthepowersource/TYPESOFTRANSFORMERSStandardpowertransformershavetwocoils/ThesecoilsarelabeledPRIMARYandSECONDARY/Theprimarycoilistheoneconnectedtothesource/Thesecondaryistheoneconnectedtotheload/Thereistonoelectricalconnectionbetweentheprimaryandsecondary/Th
3、esecondarygetsitsvoltagebyinduction/TheonlyplacewhereyouwillseeaSTEP-UPtransformerisatthegeneratingstation/Typically/electricityisgeneratedat13/800volts/Itissteppeddowntodistributionlevels/around15/000volts/Largesubstationtransformershavecoolingfinstokeepthemfromoverheating/Othertransformersarelocat
4、ednearpointswheretheelectricpowerisused/TRANSFORMERCONSTRUCTIONThecoilsofatransformerareelectricallyinsulatedfromeachother/Thereisamagneticlink/however/Thetwocoilsarewoundonthesamecore/Currentintheprimarymagnetizesthecore/Thisproducesamagneticfieldinthecore/Thecorefieldthen河南理工大学毕业设计(论文)说明书-2-affect
5、scurrentinbothprimaryandsecondary/Therearetwomaindesignsforcores/1/TheCOREtypehasthecoreinsidethewindings/2/TheSHELLtypehasthecoreoutside/Smallerpowertransformersareusuallyofthecoretype/Theverylargetransformersareoftheshelltype/Thereisnodifferenceintheiroperation/however/Coilsarewoundwithcopperwire/
6、Theresistanceiskeptaslowaspossiblekeeplosseslow/IDEALIZEDTRANSFORMERSTransformersareveryefficient/Thelossesareoftenlessthan3percent/Thisallowsustoassumethattheyareperfectinmanycomputations/Perfectmeansthatthewirehasnoresistance/Italsomeansthattherearenopowerlossesinthecore/Further/weassumethattherei
7、snofluxleakage/Thatis/allofthemagneticfluxlinksalloftheturnsoneachcoil/EXCITATIONCURRENTTogetanideaofjusthowsmallthelossesare/wecantakealookattheEXCITATIONCURRENT/Assumethatnothingisconnectedtothesecondary/Ifyouapplyratedvoltagetotheprimary/asmallcurrentflows/Typically/thisexcitationcurrentislesstha
8、n3percentofratedcurrent/Excitationcurrentismadeupoftwopartisinphasewiththevoltage/Thisisthecurrentthatsuppliesthepowerlostinthecore/CorelossesareduetoEDDYCURRENTSandHYSTERESIS/Eddycurrentscirculatinginthecoreresultfrominduction/Thecoreis/afterall/aconductorwithinachangingmagnetic河南理工大学毕业设计(论文)说明书-3-
9、field/Hysteresislossiscausedbytheenergyusedinliningupmagneticdomainsinthecore/Thealignmentgoesoncontinuously/firstinonedirection/thenintheother/Theotherpartoftheexcitationcurrentmagnetizesthecore/Itisthismagnetizingcurrentthatsuppliesthe“shuttlepower”/Shuttlepowerstoredinthemagneticfieldandreturnedt
10、othesourcetwiceeachcycle/Magnetizingcurrentisquadrature(90degreesoutofphase)withtheappliedvoltage/1/INTRODUCTIONThehigh-voltagetransmissionwasneedforthecaseelectricalpoweristobeprovidedatconsiderabledistancefromageneratingstation/Atsomepointthishighvoltagemustbereduced/becauseultimatelyismustsupplya
11、load/Thetransformermakesitpossibleforvariouspartsofapowersystemtooperateatdifferentvoltagelevels/Inthispaperwediscusspowertransformerprinciplesandapplications/2/TOW-WINDINGTRANSFORMERSAtransformerinitssimplestformconsistsoftwostationarycoilscoupledbyamutualmagneticflux/Thecoilsaresaidtobemutuallycou
12、pledbecausetheylinkacommonflux/Inpowerapplications/laminatedsteelcoretransformers(towhichthispaperisrestricted)areused/Transformersareefficientbecausetherotationallossesnormallyassociatedwithrotatingmachineareabsent/sorelativelylittlepowerislostwhentransformingpowerfromonevoltageleveltoanother/Typic
13、al河南理工大学毕业设计(论文)说明书-4-efficienciesareintherange92to99%/thehighervaluesapplyingtothelargerpowertransformers/Thecurrentflowinginthecoilconnectedtotheacsourceiscalledtheprimarywindingorsimplytheprimary/Itsetsupthefluxinthecore/whichvariesperiodicallybothinmagnitudeanddirection/Thefluxlinksthesecondcoil
14、/calledthesecondarywindingorsimplysecondary/Thefluxischanging；therefore/itinducesavoltageinthesecondarybyelectromagneticinductioninaccordancewithLenzslaw/Thustheprimaryreceivesitspowerfromthesourcewhilethesecondarysuppliesthispowertotheload/Thisactionisknownastransformeraction/3/TRANSFORMERPRINCIPLE
15、SWhenasinusoidalvoltageVpisappliedtotheprimarywiththesecondaryopen-circuited/therewillbenoenergytransfer/TheimpressedvoltagecausesasmallcurrentItoflowintheprimarywinding/Thisno-loadcurrenthastwofunctions/(1)itproducesthemagneticfluxinthecore/whichvariessinusoidallybetweenzeroandm/wheremisthemaximumv
16、alueofthecoreflux；and(2)itprovidesacomponenttoaccountforthehysteresisandeddycurrentlossesinthecore/Therecombinedlossesarenormallyreferredtoasthecorelosses/Theno-loadcurrentIisusuallyfewpercentoftheratedfull-loadcurrentofthetransformer(about2to5%)/Sinceatno-loadtheprimarywindingactsasalargereactanceduetotheironcore/theno-loadcurrentwilllagtheprimaryvoltagebynearly90/ItisreadilyseenthatthecurrentcomponentIm=I0sin0/calledthemagnetizingcurrent/is90inphasebehindtheprimary
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