附录A英文原文：FatiguelifepredictionofthemetalworkofatravellinggantrycraneV/A/KopnovP/O/Box64/Eknteriuburg620107/RussianReceived3April1998；accepted29September1998AbstractIntrinsicfatiguecurvesareappliedtoafatiguelifepredictionproblemofthemetalworkofatravelinggantrycrane/Acrane/usedintheforestindustry/wasstudiedinworkingconditionsatalogyard/anstrainmeasurementsweremade/Forthecalculationsofthenumberofloadingcycles/therainflowcyclecountingtechniqueisused/Theoperationsofasampleofsuchcraneswereobservedforayearfortheaveragenumberofoperationcyclestobeobtained/Thefatiguefailureanalysishasshownthatfailuressomeelementsaresystematicinnatureandcannotbeexplainedbyrandomcauses/卯1999ElsevierScienceLtd/Allrightsreserved/Keywords/Cranes；Fatigueassessment；Straingauging1/IntroductionFatiguefailuresofelementsofthemetalworkoftravelinggantrycranesLT62Bareobservedfrequentlyinoperation/Failuresasfatiguecracksinitiateandpropagateinweldedjointsofthecranebridgeandsupportsinthree-fouryears/Suchcranesareusedintheforestindustryatlogyardsfortransferringfull-lengthandsawnlogstoroadtrains/havingaload-fittingcapacityof32tons/Morethan1000cranesofthistypeworkattheenterprisesoftheRussianforestindustry/Theproblemwasstatedtofindtheweakestelementslimitingthecranesfives/predicttheirfatiguebehavior/andgiverecommendationstothemanufacturersforenhancingthefivesofthecranes/2/AnalysisofthecraneoperationFortheanalysis/atravelinggantrycraneLT62BinstalledatlogyardintheYekaterinburgregionwaschosen/Thecraneservestwosawmills/createsalogstore/andtransferslogstooroutofroadtrains/Aroadpassesalongthelogstore/Thesawmillsareinstalledsothatthereceptionsitesareunderthecranespan/AschematicviewofthecraneisshowninFig/1/1350-6307/99/$一seefrontmatter1999ElsevierScienceLtd/Allrightsreserved/PII/S1350一6307(98)00041一7Aseriesofassumptionsmaybemadeafterexaminingtheworkofcranes/ifthemonthlyremovaloflogsfromtheforestexceedstheprocessingrate/i/e/thereisacreationofalogstore/thecraneexpectswork/beingabovethecentreofaformedpilewiththegrabloweredonthepilestack；whenprocessingexceedsthelogremovalfromtheforest/thecraneexpectsworkaboveanoperationalpileclosetothesawmillwiththegrabloweredonthepile；thestoreoflogsvaries；theheightofthepilesisconsideredtobeamaximum；thestorevariationtakesplacefromthesideoppositetothesawmill；thetotalvolumeofaprocessedloadisontheaveragek=1/4timesmorethanthetotalvolumeofremovalbecauseofadditionaltransfers/2/1/RemovalintensityItisknownthattheremovalintensityforoneyearisirregularandcannotbeconsideredasastationaryprocess/Thestudyofthecharacterofnon-stationaryflowofroadtrainsat23enterprisesSverdlespromforfiveyearshasshownthatthemonthlyremovalintensityevenforoneenterpriseessentiallyvariesfromyeartoyear/Thisisexplainedbythecomplexofvarioussystematicandrandomeffectswhichexertaninfluenceonremoval/weatherconditions/conditionsofroadsandlorryfleet/etc/Allwoodbroughttothelogstoreshould/however/beprocessedwithinoneyear/Therefore/thelesspossibilityofremovingwoodintheseasonbetweenspringandautumn/themoreintensivelythewoodremovalshouldbeperformedinwinter/Whileinwintertheremovalintensityexceedstheprocessingconsiderably/insummer/inmostcases/themorefull-lengthlogsareprocessedthanaretakenout/Fromtheanalysisof118realizationsofremovalvaluesobservedforoneyear/itispossibletoevaluatetherelativeremovalintensityg(t)aspercentagesoftheannualloadturnover/TheremovaldatafistedinTable1isconsideredasexpectedvaluesforanycrane/whichcanbeappliedtotheestimationoffatiguelife/and/particularly/foraninspectedcranewithwhichstrainmeasurementwascarriedout(seelater)/Itwouldbepossibleforeachcranetotakeadvantageofitsloadturnoverperonemonth/buttoestablishthesedatawithoutspecialstatisticalinvestigationisdifficult/Besides/tosolvetheproblemoflifepredictionaknowledgeoffutureloadsisrequired/whichwetakeasexpectedvaluesoncraneswithsimilaroperationconditions/ThedistributionofremovalvalueQ(t)permonthperformedbytherelativeintensityq(t)iswrittenaswhereQistheannualloadturnoverofalogstore/AisthemaximaldesignedstoreoflogsinpercentofQ/SubstitutingthevalueQ/whichfortheinspectedcraneequals400/000m3peryear/andA=10%/thevolumesofloadstransferredbythecraneareobtained/whicharelistedinTable2/withthetotalvolumebeing560/000m3foroneyearusingK//2/2/NumberofloadingblocksThesetofoperationssuchasclamping/hoisting/transferring/lowering/andgettingridofaloadcanbeconsideredasoneoperationcycle(loadingblock)ofthecrane/Asaresulttoinvestigations/theoperationtimeofacyclecanbemodeledbythenormalvariablewithmeanequalto11/5minandstandarddeviationto1/5min/unfortunately/thischaracteristiccannotbesimplyusedforthedefinitionofthenumberofoperationcyclesforanyworkperiodasthelocalprocessingisextremelyirregular/Usingatotaloperationtimeofthecraneandevaluationsofcycledurations/itiseasytomakelargeerrorsandincreasethenumberofcyclescomparedwiththerealone/Therefore/itispreferredtoactasfollows/
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