动词的语态 主语是动作的发出者时为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者时为被动语态。 常用被动语态的情况1/没必要指出动作的执行者时：The palace was built in 1900/ He was elected president of the country/2/表客观说明的句型常用被动语态 如it is said that 或可用，sb/ +be + -ed+ to be (believe/ consider/ declare/ expect/ feel / report/ say/ see/ suppose/ think/ understandIt is said that the boy has passed the national exam/ （The boy is said to have passed the national exam/ ）3/有些词习惯上常用被动语态：born/ dress/ situate/ sit 不用被动语态的情况 1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear/ die disappear/ end/ fail/ happen/ last/ lie/ remain/ sit/ spread/ stand/ break out/ come true/ fall asleep/ keep silence/ lose heart/ take place/ fit/ have/ hold/ marry/ own/ wish/ cost/ notice/ watch/ agree with/ arrive at / in/ shake hands with/ succeed in/ suffer from/ happen to/ take part in/ walk into/ belong to等无被动语态。 After the fire/ very little remained of my house/ This key just fits the lock/ 2） 系动词无被动语态，如appear/ be become/ fall/ feel/ get/ grow/ keep/ look/ remain/ seem/ smell/ sound/ stay/ taste/ turn等。 It sounds good/2） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death/ dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如： She dreamed a bad dream last night/ 她昨晚做了个恶梦。 3） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如： （对） She likes to swim/ （错） To swim is liked by her/ 主动形式表示被动意义 1/ 及物动词wash/ cut/ wear/ break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。常与wont/ cant连用 This knife cuts easily/ His book dont sell/ His book are not sold主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock/ （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked/ （指不会有人来锁门，指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2/ blame/ let/ remain/ keep/ rent/ 等。I was to blame for the accident/ Much work remains/ let 、当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。They let the stranger go/他们放陌生人走了。 - The strange was let go/ 当let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital/ - I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital/ 3/ 在need/ require/ want/ worth/ deserve/ request/ demand用动名词表被动。 The door needs repairing/= The door needs to be repaired/ 门该修了。 This book is worth reading/这本书值得一读。 4/ 特殊结构：make sb/ heard / understoodExplain it clearly and make yourself understood/ 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined/ be pleased/ be graduated （from）/ be prepared （for）/ be occupied （in）/ get married等。He is graduated from a famous university/ 注意：表示同***结婚，用marry sb/ 或get married to sb/均可。例如： He married a rich girl/ He got married to a rich girl/ 注意：1）感官动词使役动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。例如： We saw him play football on the playground/ 我们看见他在草场踢球。 - He was seen to play football on the playground/ 2)短
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